A LETTER FROM A FRENCH COURTESAN …

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I’m cleaning out. One does after age 70. Who is going to want all those musical-theatre birth and death certificates ... hundreds, from all round the world … they cost me a heap, but had to be had, for the ENCYCLOPAEDIA. And now?

Who is going to want a vast set of Viennese operetta Theaterzettel? And who … omigosh, this….

A folder of letters and autograph documents … From Robert Planquette to Tim Rice and John Hollingshead, and … Hyacinthe to Guy Bolton to Anna Neagle, Lillian Gish and Boo Laye ... who all three sat together on our couch and I didn’t take a photograph! Ivan Caryll, Louis Alter, Pradeau, Percy Greenbank … How did I get these? The old ones: flea-markets, mostly.

When we lived in St Paul de Vence, Ian and I took a weekly bus jaunt down to Nice for a stroll through the splendid Monday flea-market and lunch at the wonderful Acchiardo restaurant (about an undevalued pound a head … delicious!). Ian searched for musical theatre recordings, I searched for simply anything paper-made to do with my subject. Programmes, sheet music, ephemera. I remember I got the complete works of Meilhac and Halevy in umpteen volumes for about 30 quid. And amongst a folder of junky old stuff I found a selection of letters, from 'the Collection F H Monge'. Pradeau, Hyacinthe, Julia Baron … well, who, apart from myself, would, in the 1980s, have known even who they had been. A few francs apiece. Bought them. Now that I know so much more, four decades later, I’m sure that I left some 1860s treasures behind.

Julia Baron. Just a name. All I knew was the she had created the role of Dindonette in Hervé’s L’Oeil Crevé. And this was a simple note, arranging a rehearsal. But 6 francs ..? So I bought it, and it has sat on a shelf, with the others, for 30 years. But today a photo of said lady surfaced on my radar. Hmm. Luscious lady. So I got fascinated, and thought I’d research a little.

JULIA BARON

I didn’t find anything about her birth and early life. I can’t believe one would choose ‘Baron’ as a stage name, given that there was a dynasty of Barons in the French theatre ... but, anyway, French encyclopedias skip around that and just say born c1836. And what emerges thereafter falls into three categories. (1) Her huge success as Dindonette (2) her renunciation of opéra-bouffe for the comedy of the Palais-Royal and (3) her colourful side-career as one of Paris’s top courtesans. She was following in the footsteps of the three-years-older Hortense Schneider (of whom she was touted as the ‘successor’) not only as performer on the stage but as a performer off the stage.

Hortense Schneider

Her career ON the stage can be summed up pretty briefly. It was almost entirely successful.  She began small. At the Bouffes-Parisiens, it seems. (Not Italy, as one source says: that was Clara Baron, a different lady altogether). Yes! Here she is ...

Baran?  Hmmm. Error or ....?

The young Julia in Bouffes days

Until Hervé took a fancy to her and hired her for one of the leading roles in his 1865 remake of the famous féerie La Biche au bois for Marc Fournier at the Porte Saint-Martin. Hervé himself played the Prince, house star dancer Mariquita was Robin, and Julia was voted ‘ravissante’ in the saucy part of Giroflée. The show ran an entire year.

Mariquita

From there, Julia returned to the Bouffes, where she can be seen as Juno in the famous Cora Pearl (for 12 nights) edition of Orphée aux enfers. ‘Elle est bien la reine d’Olympe’ sighed the press. But one or two saw past the beauteous face and deliciously plumpish form and decided 'Julis Baron avec sa voix ferme et mordante, son jeu vif et intelligent, avait mis le rôle de Junon au premier plan'.

But Hervé wasn’t about to let his star go. When his new crazy opéra super bouffe L’Oeil Crevé  was staged at the Folies-Dramatiques he imported Mlle Baron from the Bouffes to star. She rocked Paris. ‘Jamais Hervé ne trouva interprète aussi parfaite pour le rôle ultra fantaisiste de Fleur de Noblesse’ elle ‘fit courir tout Paris’, ‘Mlle Julia Baron avait assumé une grande responsabilité dans l'Oeil creve et, rendons-lui justice, avait obtenu une grande part du succès…’

Julia

The newspapers, which had but little featured Julia’s high-society sex life alongside more starry others of her ilk, such as Schneider and Léa Silly, moved, now that she was a star, into full flood. An Englishman, it was reported, had asked her to ‘make him happy’ and she had responded ‘on the 100th night of the run’. The journalist continued: L’Oeil crevé has just passed its 300th night, so we suppose he has been ‘made happy’ three times.

Her name was linked with a ‘gold refiner’, who was said to have bought her a house, with the libertine Saint-Cère, with Prince Anatole Demidoff, whom she allegedly shared with her understudy Mathilde Lasseny, although his children were by a third actress-singer, Céline Montaland …  she was listed prominently in Arsène Houssaye’s piece on Les Courtisanes, and followed only Cora Pearl and Giulia Barucci in a colourful list entitled Les Highlifeurs in 1868. One paper dismissed the whole bunch as ‘cocottes’, not to be compared with grand ‘courtisanes’ of earlier times, but they seem to have done their job effectively enough. Another, more susceptible, spent half a page comparing the off-stage talents of Baron and Lasseny. Julia came out as ‘classier’.

Mathilde Lasseny

But she was top of another list too. No-one, insisted the press, time and again, could play and sing the crazy works of Hervé with such verve and ease and effect as could the delicious Julia Baron.

But she threw it in. Hervé had written the role of Frédégonde in Chilpéric for her, the Folies-Dramatiques had scheduled her for Le Canard à Trois becs (both turned out huge hits), but Julia walked away, and followed where the older Schneider had led to the Palais Royal. She would stay there for the six years of her career remaining. She sang Métella and later la Baronne in La Vie parisienne, Schneider’s role in Les Diables roses, created the part of Castagnette in the international hit Le Carnaval d’un merle blanc (Nemesis) and, in 1871, starred in the premiere of an even bigger hit as Fanny ‘Bombance’ in Tricoche et Cacolet. Engaged for three years at the Palais Royal, she remained for five, after which….

It is said she went to Russia. For the second time, she had cut in the blossom a major career…

Marie Cico

I don’t know what became of her. Neither, seemingly, did the French press. But as her fellow highlifeurs and good-time-girls — Marie Cico, Blanche d’Antigny et al --  bade their lives and their diamonds farewell ‘before their first wrinkle’, Julia was quoted as being still alive. When L’Oeil crevé was revived in 1882 the new Dindonette was slated and a reviewer remembered:  ‘Je revois encore cette gaie, grosse, grasse, blonde et rose Julia Baron avec ses belles lèvres rouges et rieuses dans son joli visage...'.

I really hope she lived long and happily. I think the French knew. They just didn’t tell. Schneider is said to have outlived her. Me, I just wonder what Julia Baron might have been and done in Schneider’s celebrated original roles had she been in the right place at the right time. Well, we’ll never know.

But, as one writer said of her ‘elle avait l’eloquence de la chair’.  She simply oozed sex.

So that little 6-franc page of paper from les Puces in Nice has quite a story behind it. I have a letter from a nineteenth-century Parisian … cocotte?

PS I see the Musée Carnavalet says she was born Jenny Boudin in 1836 ... I shall investigate!

It seems, incidentally, that Julia had a sister, Léonie BARON (also Boudin) who was active in both the fields in which Julia shone. She can be seen in a small part in L'Oeil crevé, in larger rôles in the provinces (Clairette in La Fille de Madame Angot etc), and lavishly in the gossip columns. She apparently was pretty fair horsewoman and thus copped a few paragraphs about 'riding' and stallions'. 

Léonie Baron

And here are the girls together ..