"Published by the composer". Hopeful Victorian Ballads.

 

I have a 'damaged' right hand. A legacy of my ancient stroke. Happily, I can still type -- though down to two fingers -- but I make lots of typos and various other 'erreurs de frappe'. Trying to undo accidental instructions to my computer is occasionally nightmarish. But occasionally, just occasionally, a mis-hit leads me somewhere interesting and useful. Like today.

As you know, I scan e-bay, quasi-daily, for fascinating historical fragments. Same keywords every day. Which is a bit dumb, because keywords on e-bay can be erroneous, misspelled or just plain fakes. I always check out the photos, programmes, music ...

Well, yesterday I mis-hit whatever my target was, and I came upon some super shops carrying C19th sheet music. All sorts. Lots of Waltzes, Quadrilles, Polkas and other dance arrangements, which ar'n't really my scene, but a decidedly interesting heap of songs of the Entertaiment and Music Hall varieties. Many, bearing credits which meant nothing to me. So, I put aside my D'Oyly Cartesians for the nonce, and have begun to investigate.

This one caught my eye, and it had quite a tale behind it.

It dates, I discover, from 1854, and it was sung in a Scottish Entertainment given by 'the Misses Bennett and Angus Fairbairn', an act which had a decade of career around the British provinces, before eloping to America ...

Well, the Misses Bennett (who were apparently not Bennett at all) were the originals. But Mr Fairbairn became the 'front man' as time went on. Who was he?

James Angus FAIRBAIRN (b Kirknewton 31 May 1823; d Dorchester, Mass 1887) son of Thomas and Elizabeth, married Margaret née Waters, was a railway signalman in Perth. But a signalman with artistic yearnings. In 1850, his muse went public ..

And the following year he burst into public songs, assisting the 'Misses Bennett' in their Entertainment.

The Misses Bennett, billed as such (Miss E and Miss M H), had been seen in 1850 at the Glasgow City Hall concerts, sharing a bill with the Alban Crofts. Elizabeth was apparently Elizabeth ROBERTS. Miss? Mrs? Mary was allegedly her sister. But the whole lot of them told fibs, over the years, so that it is impossible to sort them out. However, I may have spotted them -- Elizabeth 35, Mary 30 -- as Bennett, born England, vocalist -- in the 1851 census for Anstruther Easter in Fife. Oh. With the 'Robertson' family ... 

Elizabeth played piano, both girls sang, and originally not just Scottish songs. I see them duetting 'Deh conte'. Anyway, once Mr Fairbairn became attached to the act they seem, for all that they were not Scots, to have almost wholly Hibernian. suitably attired in overtly 'Highland' costume.

This is 1854, and it is seen that Angus has pushed himself to the front.

He had, after the birth of his fourth child, also begun an affair with the younger Miss Bennett. Whether they ever became legally married I have no idea, but Margaret 'late of Melrose Abbey and Bowhill' died at Dunnington, Yorks 13 January 1905 as Mrs Fairbairn.

Of course, in the fruition of time, Mary too bore children to her paramour. Usefully, she bore two daughters, who in the goodness of time were able to replace the 'sisters Bennett' in the Family Fairbairn act. But the Family Fairbairn operated now not in Britain, but in America. They seem to have emigrated in 1869, and I see them performing in Chicago in 1871. Angus, Mrs Roberts and Miss Katie Roberts. Who? Later, more predictably, it is Angus, Mary, Bessie (b 1857) and Polly (b 1858).

The act, alas, seems to have had a limited showing and a very limited success on the left hand side of the Atlantic, and a little para about Angus's death, in 1887 of intestinal cancer, tells us was a disgruntled man.

I am always fascinated by songs which are 'published by the composer'. Or 'for the composer'. It's like a vanity publication. One assumes that a regular publisher, or a recognised singer, didn't want it. Which is fair enough. I have self-published in my time. My reason was that my publishers wanted cuts, and I didn't. Not a reason likely to affect a song.

I've investigated the writer of several such pieces in the past, but today ...

First, I came on this.

A three-shilling song, with a nice cover, published by a well-known firm of piano dealers .. but Mr Bevan has paid for the publication. I wonder why. To get his name connected with that of the bashful Earl (who must surely be Shaftesbury, or maybe Stradbroke)?

Well, there are a few Sam Bevans around in the 'sixties. A farmer, a Reverend, servants ... but I'm plumping for Sam who was 'secretary to the English and foreign Library' at 15 Bond Street. I see that the Library had to purge its lists of 'impure literature of the 'Anonyma' type' in 1864. Sam seems to have shifted to the Douro Silver Lead Mining Co.  Was it this Sam?

I don't see the song getting a professional outing, but it does turn up in amateur provincial concerts.

Now, to pay for one song to be published is OK. But what do we say of a man who does it over and over and over. This next one led me off on a really amusing chase ...

John d'Este, eh? Published by the composer. d'Este? It is, of course, a pseudonym, even though he decided to deed poll latterly. Dr John d'Este MA (Cantab). One of the gentleman's lesser peculiarities and peccadillos in a doggedly determined 'career' in music ...

John EASTES was born in Canterbury, Kent, 3 December 1823, the son of pawnbroker George Eastes and his wife, Elizabeth, and in his teens became a chorister at the local Cathedral. I maybe doing George a disservice, for there was one of the same name 'deputy organist of All Saints' Church Maidstone in the 40s ... anyway, I see 'Master Eastes' singing soprano in 1834, alongside Master Longhurst, and as late as 1837-8 ('an anthem from The Creation').

In 1843, he married Harriott Newport, billed himself as 'of the London concerts' and in 1845 had a son (John Newport Eastes, 26 August 1845) and was appointed a Lay Vicar at Trinity and King's College Cambridge. He would later say 'principal tenor'. He taught singing in Cambridge and turned out some music ('The Royal Naval Polka', 'The Arabian Polka') with picturesque titles. 'The Soldier's Bride' (1847) was self-published, so I imagine the Polkas were too.

He was now advertising 'pupil of Crivelli' and 'member of the University Choir' and was up to four children, and being 'of Sidney Sussex College', his servant girl committed suicide and he started giving a lecture 'Musical Sketches of Italy' at home and away .. 'artist, composer, poet and orator'.  And the string of publications continue ('Only for thee, this heart will throb for thee', 'The Harp of Jacob', 'The Song of the British Navy') as 'An Excursion to Alexandria replaced his Italian lecture.

And in 1859 he graduated BA. 1864, it was MA. The doctorate seems to have come from his fertile imagination.

And aureoled with his newfound 'glory' he walked out on Hariott, and moved to London with his new companion, Caroline Crow. Or Caroline d'Este. For as he pompously announced in the press (and Cambridge took it for a hoax), his lofty Dutch ancestry gave him the right ...

In his new guise, he published a Practical Hints on Singing, churned out the music sheets ('easy but commonplace'), billed himself voluminously as 'MA Cantab, Lay Vicar of King's, Trinity and St John's College Cambridge, formerl of Canterbury Cathedral, Principal of the London College of Vocal Music' -- the College of WHAT?  and in between times laid seven more children with some extraordinarily fancy names, on Miss Crow. By which time he was 'Doc Litt MA' ... 

He died in 1891 ... leaving a bundle of descendants, and a larger bundle of sheet music of which I have found the following (in no particular order) ... nearly all 'published by the composer' ...

I don't know whether to feel sorry for Mr Eastes, or to laugh at his pretensions. Perhaps both.

To which may be added Beautiful Night (1872), a set of musical valentines (1 shilling for five), 'Give Honour to the Brave' (Oswald Allen 1881), 'When Tom Comes Home' (G H Ryan 1881), 'Britons Rally Round Your Flag' (C W Rooke 1886) ..

PS I have yet to find a report of any of these being sung in public. But I shall keep looking.

And I am surely I shall shortly be adding another gent or two this list! Ah! Here's one from America. New Bedford, Mass, to be precise. And this one claims that it did get sung! By the group pictured on its cover. The harmony group who called themselves The Village Four. Even when the added a sotano to the team. Floruit 1913-1918.

That was around the time when the writer, Thomas Herman Griffith (b Prospect, Ohio 26 October 1889; d Cincinnati 13 April 1967), son on Ohio carpenter,  floruitted too. Yes, he was, for the nonce a professional baseball player. Elmer B Griffith (b Prospect 12 March 1884; d Prospect 23 October 1923) was his elder brother.

I have no idea whether the brothers wrote anything else, but by 1920 Thomas was a clerk in a broker's office, by 1930 he was a dealer (radio)... but the pair seem to have got their piece of music sung. And at least one person bought it ...

Here's another. From Iowa. Not self-published (thought probably self-paid for) by its writer. Professor Edward CLAPHAM MD, was indeed a Professor and doubtless a Doctor of Medicine. He was Professor of Chemistry, Toxicology, Materia Medica and Microscopy at Iowa State University in the 1860s. And a musical hobbyist.

Clapham was born in Springfield Place, Leeds 25 October 1836, the son of a chemist and druggist, John Keighly Chapman, and his wife Charlotte née Peacock. He was educated in Pontefract, became (1859) an associate of the Phatmaceutical Society, and went to work as a chemist in Huddersfield. Or, at least, I think so. But a learned tome about all those ologies was published in Edinburgh in 1850. An MD at 14 or wrong man?  

Our Edward emigrated to America in 1862, and was listed in 1867 as 'professor of anatomy'. He married, had a son .. but died 11 October 1879 in Astoria, Long Island. His wife, Kate (née Lewis), died the following July and the child was brought up by an uncle.

The sister to whom he dedicated the piece was Rosa née Clapham (1840-1892), who married David Bruce Peebles of Edinburgh. Engineer, inventor, gas engineer and (unless there were two of them) sometime piano and singing teacher! In they 1890s they lived at Tay House, Bonnington ...

I see the son, 'Charlie' Clapham (b 10 September 1875) has a large entry on Findagrave ...

Here's a beauty.  1850.

I am not insinuating that the splendid Signor Lanza was anything but a first-class professional. But Miss Purcell and Healey Esq were not at all of the same stature.

Miss Purcell was a striving young soprano, who put in an appearance on the minor concert platforms between 1846 and 1853. I see her in the 1841 census living in Friar's Road with her Scots mother. They assure us that they were both 'of independent means'. I don't see them again thereafter. She can't have been awful, because she did appears down the lists with such as Miss Graddon, Louisa Bassano, Sophia Messent, or Rebecca Isaacs, on occasion. However, she was definitely 'minor'. What her connection with the allegedly lofty George Healey Esq was, I cannot imagine. He was clearly into fairies. And well-off enought to indulge his passions for poetry and drawing (he has done the cover himself...). I imagine he paid Lanza to set his words ... if he really was an Esq.

This one doesn't say 'published by the composer' but it, effectively was. Mr William Dressler (b Nottingham, 31 August 1926; d Brooklyn 1 July 1914) was the publications manager of the firm of Hill. 

Mr Dresser was a modest musician, pianist, accompanist, music teacher, organist et al for some two decades, from the 1850s to the 1870s largely in Brooklyn. I see him just occasionally accompanying a singer at Irving Hall or Steinway Hall. His main achievement as a composer seems to have been the 1873 Fairy Voices, a singing book for schools.